• The endogenous pyrogens are cytokines that induce fever and include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), and interferon-g (IFN-g )
• Polypeptides produced by a variety of hosperdero cells such as monocytes or macrophages, neoplastic cells that explain the existence of fever in malignancies.

The endogenous pyrogens converge to a brain region that regulates the fever, the preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus. Mechanism controversy as endogenous pyrogens have to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) which is impermeable to them. At least two routes are evident  : Active transport across the BBB by carrier-specific cytokines.

Message transfer where the BBB has fenestrations, ie sensory organs circumventriculares particularly in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT). But there are alternative routes: the circulation of cytokines induce the generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) and perhaps prostaglandins F2a (PGF-2a) permeable to the BBB, the most proximal putative mediator of fever, endothelial cells the cerebral microvasculature or perivascular macrophages and microglia and meningeal. Direct transmission to the POA of pyrogens messages via peripheral afferent (mostly vagal) activated by cytokines.

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• In the second part of the menstrual cycle can elevate temperature by one degree or more.
• Physical activity, strong emotion, eating, heavy clothing, medications, high temperature and high humidity can increase body temperature.

Fever is an important part of the body’s defenses against infection. Many infants and children develop high fevers with minor viral illnesses. While a fever for us a sign that a battle might be going in the body, the fever is fighting for the person and not against it.

Most bacteria and viruses that cause infections in people thrive best at 37 ° C (98.6 ° F).

Brain damage usually will not occur unless the fever is over 42 degrees C (107.6 ° F). The fever caused by untreated infection rarely exceeding 40.5 º C (105 ° F), unless the child is overdressed or trapped in a warm place.

Febrile seizures do occur in some children. However, most of them completed quickly, does not mean the child has epilepsy and cause no permanent damage.

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They will be 40 degrees or more. But for one are always 55. When it starts to shake and not cold. I look out the window to be sure, and everyone is in shirt. Cold does not, but I tremble like a leaf. And my feet are cold and boiling the head. I get out of bed and go to ibuprofen, walking very slowly, emulating a 98-year old, fucked and covered with flies, dragging his feet in slippers winter, refusing to feel the fever. So I will not have luck.

The tablet of ibuprofen is empty. But do not despair, because I can go buy another. But if I can walk to the bathroom, unless I can walk three blocks to the pharmacy. Still, going back to bed.

Ojala dream catch me and pass me the fever, even a little, to get out into the street. I start to scratch a pimple on my left arm, a little below the shoulder, arm in that part of the leftover meat. I find it easy, because I have quite long nails, like a guitarist. I scratch and I feel no pain, not even bothering me. I went out the pus that was enough, while if the stock was trading pus, I would make a few bucks. I keep scratching while watching the news on TV, dead people everywhere, especially in the ditches. I scratch and I scratch until blood begins to flow in my arm, but with the fever-hot body I did not realize. He trembled so. And on TV, a star old advised me to keep my jewelry in a safe place, assuming I had jewelry in my house, and saying that my house is unsafe. I laughed at the nerves. And I was scratching.

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A symptom of disease of great concern to parents, is fever, and is only touching the face, neck or stomach of our son or daughter, we realize that are warmer than normal. But not enough to know what they are warmer than normal, it is important to check the thermometer through how high is the fever, because it depends on immediate care and prevention of further damage, because if the thermometer hits more than 38 °, it will be necessary to take the child with your pediatrician to identify either the source of the fever and give appropriate treatment to control the disease that is causing.

Fever is not a disease but a symptom of many, usually of infectious or inflammatory, caused by some external agent, poisoning, allergies, rheumatic problems, neurological disorders and malignant tumors and certain mental processes. It is believed that fever is a reaction of self-defense, as the fever’s mission is to tire and reduce the enemy that may be a virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite or toxic substance active

Other manifestations that accompany fever are chills which, on trying to level the body temperature and acceleration of heart palpitations.

Although fever is very concerned and very disturbed, generally not dangerous to 39 °. Importantly, the body temperature is not the same in young children than in adults as in infants, the normal temperature is about 37 °, while in adults is 36 °. Usually newborns can not run a fever until 4 weeks old, because their system thermostat is not fully developed.

Also varies during the day, morning is usually lower than 5 ° at night, so when it comes to fever can reach 37.5 or 38 ° and is dangerous when it exceeds 41 degrees, as it can be put in life threatening or cause severe brain disorders. A temperature of 42 ° is tolerable only for a moment and causing severe brain damage and even death.

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Fever is thus a symptom or sign of alarm as a result of the body’s defense mechanism against something that is bothering. In short, high temperature is a primary barrier of the body to prevent the infection progress.

The normal temperature ranges from 36 º C to 37.5 C (degrees Celsius). For practical purposes it is considered a fever when the child’s temperature exceeds 37.5 ° C. when taken rectally

Mild fever or feverishness: from 37.0 C to 37.5 º C rectal or 38 axillary

Mild fever: from 37.5 C to 38.9 º C axillary

High fever: More than 38.9 º C axillary

Note that body temperature varies during the day, which is known as circadian rhythm. Our body temperature rises in the afternoon, between four and six, and decreases in the mornings.

Besides the temperature is normal for children to grow to about 37 º C after mourn vigorously for colic or a tantrum, to run or be clothed in excess. So it is very important to distinguish fever overheating or excess heating coat. When in doubt, take the temperature, remove the excess coat and take it again 15 minutes later. If the floor is warm or exercise.

Although the fever is acting as a defense mechanism to prevent the infectious agent to multiply, must be taken when it rises above 38.5 º C.

Some of the most common causes of fever are infections by respiratory viruses or bacteria, gastrointestinal infections, ear infection, dehydration, application of vaccines, hypersensitivity to certain medications and some central nervous system lesions .

YOU can treat the fever, the doctor is the cause that produces

The pediatrician should determine the cause of the fever. In the case of an infectious agent, probably tells you your child an antibiotic and an antipyretic to reduce fever. One such drug is any medication that helps to eliminate the fever and is also known as antipyretic because it reduces body temperature.

For the common cold is viral, antibiotics are not effective for healing. However, there are medications to help reduce fever and pain such as Paracetamol Pediatric counter is in its different presentations for each age. (Different names for the same drug)

Tips to remember
• The fever itself is not a disease but a sign of some disease and indicates that something is happening to the body.
• It is always recommended to take home a thermometer and a rectal if there are children.
• Always should be considered a fever as a sign of alarm, we must remember that the degree of fever does not always correspond to degree of severity of illness.
• The febrile response in general is always greater in children than in adults.
• Always go to your doctor it with general measures do not correct this condition, if the temperature is over 38.5 degrees C in adult, if the fever is 38.0 degrees C or more in a baby under 3 months, if fever of 38.0 degrees C for more than 3 days not home measurement solutions and has no apparent cause.

WHEN SHOULD I SUSPECT THAT THE CHILD HAVE FEVER?
• When you feel hot to the touch (especially the neck and head), while the hands and feet are cold.
• When you suddenly lose your appetite.
• As usual vomit the last meal (a child usually eats well).
• When passing a bad night (a child who usually sleeps well).
• When a child is usually active, and play stops moving.
• When this declined inexplicably sleepy during the day.

HOW CAN I CONFIRM THAT THE CHILD HAVE FEVER?
It is very important that every mother knows to take the temperature and read the thermometer.

High-risk group
There is a group of children risk their background pathological condition or age, in their mouth is potentially dangerous:
• Heart disease
• Chronic anemia (eg sickle cell anemia)
• Metabolic disorders (eg diabetes)
• Neurological diseases
• Patients at risk of febrile seizure (between six months and five years of age)
• Neonate (less than a month old)

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